IA Guide Data Sources

🗂️ Data Sources for Your IA

Curated free datasets by topic — find real data to power your mathematical exploration.

Self-collected data scores higher on Criterion C (Personal Engagement). If your topic allows it, collect your own data — measure, survey, or record. Secondary data is perfectly valid, but you must explain why you chose that specific dataset and what you added to the analysis beyond downloading it.

✓ What makes good IA data

  • At least 30 data points for regression or correlation work
  • Clearly defined variables with units
  • From a citable, reputable source
  • Relevant to your specific mathematical question
  • Covers enough range to show the model's behaviour
  • Download-able as CSV or copy-paste-able into Sheets

✗ Common data mistakes

  • Using fewer than 15–20 data points and claiming a strong trend
  • Data that is already analysed — use raw numbers, not someone else's averages
  • Wikipedia tables without tracing the primary source
  • Data with many missing values that you quietly ignore
  • Choosing data that perfectly fits your model — discuss limitations honestly
  • Forgetting to record access date for online sources
📈

Economics & Finance

Our World in Data
ourworldindata.org
Downloadable CSV datasets on GDP, income inequality, trade, poverty, and hundreds of other economic indicators. Long time series across most countries. Excellent for regression and correlation IAs.
CSV downloadTime seriesCountry data
World Bank Open Data
data.worldbank.org
GDP per capita, inflation, unemployment, Gini coefficients, and 1,400+ other development indicators by country and year. Filter by country and indicator then download CSV directly.
CSV download190+ countries60+ years
Yahoo Finance / Investing.com
finance.yahoo.com
Historical daily closing prices for stocks, indices, currencies, and commodities. Search any ticker → Historical Data → Download CSV. Good for financial modelling, volatility analysis, and portfolio IAs.
CSV downloadDaily dataStocks
Gapminder
gapminder.org/data
Clean datasets on life expectancy, fertility, income, and CO₂ by country and year. Designed for visualisation — data is tidy and easy to import. Great for bivariate regression IAs.
CSV downloadTidy formatLong history
🏥

Health & Science

WHO Global Health Observatory
who.int/data/gho
Disease burden, mortality rates, vaccination coverage, life expectancy, and health system indicators for all countries. Download data tables as CSV. Good for SIR modelling or regression IAs.
CSV downloadDisease dataAll countries
CDC WONDER
wonder.cdc.gov
US public health data — mortality, births, cancer, environmental health. Powerful query tool to get exactly the age/year/cause breakdown you need. Downloads as text/CSV.
US dataDetailed filtersFree
NASA Exoplanet Archive
exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
Confirmed exoplanet data including orbital period, semi-major axis, mass, and radius. Perfect for an IA on Kepler's Third Law — the period vs. semi-major axis relationship is a textbook power-law regression.
CSV downloadPhysics IAKepler
UCI Machine Learning Repository
archive.ics.uci.edu
Hundreds of clean, well-documented datasets covering medical diagnosis, biology, physics, and social science. Many have 100–1000 rows and are ready to import into Sheets. Good for regression and chi-squared IAs.
CSV downloadWell documentedMany topics
🌍

Environment & Climate

NASA GISS Surface Temperature
data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp
Monthly and annual global mean surface temperature anomalies from 1880 to the present. Downloadable as CSV. Classic dataset for regression and time-series modelling IAs.
CSV download140+ yearsMonthly
NOAA Climate Data Online
ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web
Local weather station data — daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed. Select a station near you and download your own local climate record. Good for sinusoidal modelling of seasonal temperature.
CSV downloadLocal stationsDaily data
Global Carbon Project
globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget
Annual CO₂ emissions by country and sector from 1750 onwards. Also atmospheric CO₂ concentration (ppm) from Mauna Loa. Direct download from the data page as Excel/CSV.
CSV/ExcelCO₂ dataBy country
UK Met Office Hadley Centre
metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs
Long-term climate datasets including sea surface temperature, global temperature records, and Arctic sea ice extent. Widely cited in academic literature — strong source credibility for your bibliography.
Text/CSVLong recordPeer-reviewed

Sport

FBref / Sports Reference
fbref.com
Detailed football statistics — goals, xG, passing, defensive actions at player and team level across major leagues. Tables can be copied directly into Sheets. Also covers basketball (basketball-reference.com), baseball, and more.
Copy to SheetsFootballMulti-sport
Kaggle Datasets
kaggle.com/datasets
Thousands of community-contributed datasets. Search for your sport or topic and filter by file format. Many sports datasets include match results, player stats, and league tables going back decades. All free to download with a free account.
CSV downloadHuge varietyFree account
World Athletics Database
worldathletics.org/records
Official world records and all-time performance lists for track and field events. Useful for modelling world record progression over time — a classic logistic or diminishing-returns IA topic.
Manual copyAthleticsHistorical
Olympics Results Database
olympics.com/en/olympic-games
All Olympic results from Athens 1896 to the present. Medal tables, individual event results, and country performance data. Structured data available from Kaggle mirrors (search "Olympics dataset").
Via KaggleHistoricalAll sports
👥

Population & Social

UN Population Division
population.un.org/wpp
World Population Prospects — historical and projected population data by country, age group, and sex. Downloadable Excel/CSV. Essential for population growth modelling (logistic, exponential) IAs.
Excel/CSVProjectionsBy age group
ONS (UK Office for National Statistics)
ons.gov.uk/datasets
UK census, crime, earnings, house prices, education, and health data. Detailed local area data (down to postcode level) is available. Clean CSV downloads with thorough documentation.
CSV downloadUK focusVery detailed
OECD Statistics
stats.oecd.org
Education attainment, income distribution, health spending, and more for OECD member countries. Use the query builder to select variables and years, then export as CSV. Good for cross-country regression IAs.
CSV downloadOECD countriesQuery builder
Google Trends
trends.google.com
Weekly or monthly search interest index (0–100) for any search term, in any country, since 2004. Download as CSV directly. Unusual but interesting for Bass Diffusion, viral spread, or seasonal pattern IAs.
CSV downloadSince 2004By country
🎵

Music, Culture & Other

Spotify Charts
charts.spotify.com
Daily and weekly top charts by country. Historical chart data (streams, position) downloadable as CSV for the global and regional charts. Good for modelling song popularity decay curves or chart dynamics.
CSV downloadStreaming dataBy country
FRED Economic Data
fred.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve database with 800,000+ time series — US and international economic data including interest rates, inflation, money supply, unemployment, and housing. Download any series as CSV in two clicks.
CSV download800k+ seriesTime series
Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
datasets.imdbws.com
Bulk data files for all IMDb titles — ratings, genres, cast, run times. Useful for statistics IAs involving distributions of ratings, genre popularity trends, or runtime vs rating regression.
TSV downloadFilms/TVLarge files
Open Street Map / Overpass Turbo
overpass-turbo.eu
Extract GPS coordinates of specific features — hospitals, fire stations, parks, restaurants — for any area. Export as GeoJSON/CSV. Ideal for Voronoi diagram or facility placement IAs where you need real location data.
GeoJSON/CSVLocation dataAny area

How to Cite Data in Your IA

Every dataset used must appear in your bibliography. Use a consistent citation format — MLA or APA are both acceptable.

MLA example:
"GDP per Capita (Current US$)." The World Bank Open Data, World Bank Group, 2024, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Accessed 15 Jan. 2025.
APA example:
World Bank Group. (2024). GDP per capita (current US$) [Data set]. World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
Always record the access date. Online datasets are updated or moved. The IB expects a retrieval date for any web-based source. Add it even if your citation style doesn't require it — examiners appreciate the precision.

Ready to analyse your data?

Once you have your dataset, these tools will help you do the analysis.